These are the ways to acquire a gun:
1) Buy one from a FFL, which requires a background check (and that's true at gun shows as well, if you buy from a dealer anywhere you get checked and many selling at shows are dealers)
2) Buy one from another private person. These transactions also have federal rules, such as it's illegal to sell across state lines, and several states also have tough rules (Illinois has a bunch, California and others as well). But federally these are not subject to background checks.
3) Borrow one, with or without permission. This is a key for these kinds of crimes, b/c a) it's happened in multiple of these cases, and b) it's impossible to do much about them. Sandy Hook the kid got the gun from his mother, who legally owned them, same for several other shootings.
4) Get one through non-relational theft or the black market. I know of no mass shootings where this has been the case, these guys aren't criminals and don't operate in the black market. They do "steal", but it's from family or friends, which is why I made #3 above b/c it's kind of different. This is however how the vast majority of criminals get guns.
Here's a great study, a survey of actual criminals in jail done by CJIS, as to how criminals who used guns in crimes got them. Very few managed to sneak by the FFL/background check process, they got them from friends, direct theft or the black market.
http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=940
As for what I want from checks, actually I would like to see "more hurdles" in the sense that I know a lot about the way NICS works and I know it's not nearly as good as it could be. Many states still do not report mental health and other offenses that would get them rejected for gun ownership. That's not changing the requirements, it's just getting the states to make the NICS database complete.
The reason many are against more checks are:
1) They are afraid of government. I know many gun owners who will not buy from FFLs at all b/c they dont' want records of their gun ownership. They arent' criminals, have no ill intent, they are afraid the government will eventually begin confiscation and don't want a record of their guns anywhere.
That sounds extreme to many, but that's exactly what was done in Jersey after the hurricane, and we've seen senior Senators and others call for exactly that action. Not saying it's likely, but I can't say they are wrong b/c I bet if you went back to the 1940s and told people all the laws we'd have today they'd be ill. Government is as you mentioned tracking all our calls, texts, internet access, etc. I'd say some paranoia in this case is in fact healthy for the nation.
2) Many "private transfers" of guns are in fact among family and friends, and they don't feel the government has a role deciding if that's OK. I'm weaker on this one, I think a father shouldn't have a right to give the family guns to his son if his son is a felon, but they are really just worried about the intrusion itself, not that they are giving guns to people who wouldn't pass.
I think if we changed the law so that transfers were subject to the check but the checks were never stored anywhere, that would help. Right now they have to be deleted from NICS after 48 hours, but honestly people don't trust that it's happening. Given what we see with the IRS scandal and Clinton's email repression as well as the Chinese hack and other things, I think those people have good cause to believe that the NSA may be storing it all or that it otherwise may be compromised through intention or poor IT systems.
But in the end all of this dances around the main point: almost every one of these people either would have or did pass the check. Their problems relate to their mental health and none of that information will be in NICS, so they won't be denied.
So we go back to the main issue, and the one that must be fixed before anything else matters: what to do about people who are a threat to others due to their mental state. B/c if we can't identify and acknowledge those people in any way in a database somewhere then there is nothing that all the background checks in the world can do to help. They depend on that information, and that information isn't being provided.
That's why NSSF (the main trade group for the gun industry) has been spending its own money for years now going state to state to get laws changed to submit more complete mental records to NICS, esp. mental competency records from courts.
here's the truth: The gun industry has done more to keep guns out of the hands of these people than the Obama Administration and the anti-gun groups. We want these shootings to stop more than anyone, they are the biggest threat to the 2nd Amendment.
So let's focus on getting mental health in this country improved and properly recording those who have been ruled a threat, b/c we already have the laws to make it hard for them to get guns, but not if we don't address mental health and reporting first.
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